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>CGRN 110</
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>: Excerpt from the <
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> at Kamiros (concerning sacrifices to Helios)</
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<
author
>Jan-Mathieu Carbon</
author
>
<
author
>Saskia Peels</
author
>
<
author
>Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge</
author
></
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>
<
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<
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>Collection of Greek Ritual Norms, F.R.S.-FNRS Project no. 2.4561.12, University of Liège.</
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<
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>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International License <
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target
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"http://creativecommons.org/"
type
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"external"
>4.0</
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>.</
p
><
p
>All citation, reuse or distribution of this work must contain somewhere a link back to the DOI (<
idno
type
=
"DOI"
>https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN110</
idno
>), as well as the year of consultation (see “Home” for details on how to cite or click “Export Citation” to create a reference for this specific file).</
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>ca. 300-200 BC</
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<
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><
placeName
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<
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<
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<
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<
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>Bibliography</
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>
<
p
>Edition here based on Pugliese Carratelli <
bibl
type
=
"abbr"
n
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"Tit.Cam."
>Tit.Cam.</
bibl
> 152.</
p
>
<
p
>Cf. also: Sokolowski <
bibl
type
=
"abbr"
n
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"LSS"
>LSS</
bibl
> 97; <
bibl
type
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n
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"Badoud 2015"
>Badoud 2015</
bibl
>: 446-447, TRI no. 67 with ph.</
p
>
<
p
>Further bibliography: <
bibl
type
=
"author_date"
n
=
"Segre 1951"
>Segre 1951</
bibl
>;
<
bibl
type
=
"author_date"
n
=
"Badoud 2015"
>Badoud 2015</
bibl
>: 11-35;
<
bibl
type
=
"author_date"
n
=
"Iversen 2017"
>Iversen 2017</
bibl
>: 192-197;
<
bibl
type
=
"author_date"
n
=
"Carbon forthc."
>Carbon forthc.</
bibl
></
p
>
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<
head
>Text</
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>
<
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>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_1"
n
=
"1"
/><
name
type
=
"month"
><
w
lemma
=
"Δάλιος"
>Δαλίου</
w
></
name
> <
w
lemma
=
"νουμηνία"
>νευμηνίαι</
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>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_2"
n
=
"2"
/> <
name
type
=
"deity"
key
=
"Helios"
><
w
lemma
=
"ἥλιος"
>Ἁλίωι</
w
></
name
> <
name
type
=
"animal"
key
=
"ox"
><
name
type
=
"gender"
><
w
lemma
=
"βοῦς"
>βοῦν</
w
></
name
></
name
> <
name
type
=
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><
w
lemma
=
"λευκός"
>λευκὸν</
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>
<
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n
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/>ἢ <
name
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>πυρρόν</
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name
>, <
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"εἰκάς"
>ἰκάδι</
w
> <
name
type
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"animal"
key
=
"ox"
><
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lemma
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"βοῦς"
>βοῦν</
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>
<
lb
xml:id
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n
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"4"
/><
name
type
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><
w
lemma
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>λευκὸν</
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></
name
> ἢ <
name
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><
w
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"πυρρός"
>πυρρὸν</
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>
<
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n
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/><
name
type
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><
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>δαμιουργὸς</
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> <
name
type
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><
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lemma
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"θύω"
>θύει</
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></
name
>.
<
lb
xml:id
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n
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/><
name
type
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><
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lemma
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"Πάναμος"
>Πανάμου</
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></
name
> <
w
lemma
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"εἴσω"
>ἔσω</
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> <
w
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"εἰκάς"
>ἰκά
<
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break
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> <
name
type
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key
=
"goat"
><
w
lemma
=
"αἴξ"
>αἴγας</
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></
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> <
w
lemma
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"τρεῖς"
>τρεῖς</
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>
<
lb
xml:id
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n
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/><
name
type
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"personnel"
><
w
lemma
=
"ἱεροποιός"
>ἰεροποιοὶ</
w
></
name
> <
name
type
=
"sacrifice"
><
w
lemma
=
"θύω"
>θύ<
unclear
>ον</
unclear
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τι</
supplied
></
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></
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>
<
lb
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n
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/><
unclear
>καὶ</
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> <
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<
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xml:lang
=
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>
<
head
>Translation</
head
>
<
p
>On the 1st of the month Dalios, (5) to Helios, an ox, white or tawny; the <
foreign
>demiourgos</
foreign
> sacrifices it; on the 20th, an ox, white or tawny.</
p
>
<
p
>Within (i.e. before) the 20th of Panamos, three goats; the <
foreign
>hieropoioi</
foreign
> sacrifice them; and [...]</
p
>
</
div
>
<
div
type
=
"translation"
xml:lang
=
"fre"
>
<
head
>Traduction</
head
>
<
p
>Le 1er du mois de Dalios, (5) à Hélios un boeuf, blanc ou fauve; le démiurge le sacrifie ; le 20 : un boeuf, blanc ou fauve.</
p
>
<
p
>Avant le 20 Panamos, trois caprins; les hiéropes les sacrifient; et [...]</
p
>
</
div
>
<
div
type
=
"commentary"
>
<
head
>Commentary</
head
>
<
p
>The inscription is one of a large number of extracts from a sacrificial calendar inscribed or recodified in the late Classical or early Hellenistic period and disseminated at various local sanctuaries, presumably as punctual reminders and short regulations in and of themselves (for the early beginning of such excerpts, cf. here <
ref
target
=
"CGRN_62"
>CGRN 62</
ref
> and <
ref
target
=
"CGRN_63"
>CGRN 63</
ref
>, both from Lindos). The excerpts perhaps come from the general sacrificial calendar of the unified city of Rhodes or perhaps equally probably from that of Kamiros itself. See e.g. <
ref
target
=
"CGRN_109"
>CGRN 109</
ref
> for further examples from Kamiros; e.g. <
ref
target
=
"CGRN_115"
>CGRN 115</
ref
> for others from Lindos. For a general discussion of these excerpts, see Segre and Carbon forthc.</
p
>
<
p
>Here, the excerpt concerns rites for Helios, presumably at the principal sanctuary of this god at Kamiros.</
p
>
<
p
>Lines 1-5: The first of Dalios is perhaps to be identified with a major celebration at Kamiros in honour of several gods, also Athena Polias (<
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_109/"
>CGRN 109</
ref
>) and the Muses with Mnemosyne (<
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_113/"
>CGRN 113</
ref
>). The Dalia is a good possibility, and the role of the δαμιουργός here as the principal sacrificial agent confirms the importance of the celebration for the local community and the polity as a whole, since he was the most important civic magistrate at Kamiros (he is also frequently associated with the ἰεροποιοί, cf. <
bibl
type
=
"abbr"
n
=
"Tit.Cam."
>Tit.Cam.</
bibl
> 9-16). An analogous celebration is to take place later, before the 20th of the same month. In the reconstruction of the Rhodian calendar refined by Badoud and generally adopted here (for a different view, see Iversen), Dalios was the first month of the year (ca. August/September). The month of Dalios happened near the end of summer, which can seasonally be reckoned to be an appropriate time to worship the sun. On both occasions, the god receives an ox whose colour is prescribed as a choice between white and tawny. Specifications of the colour of sacrificial animals are rare in ritual norms. Blackness is sometimes emphasised in certain sacrifices (cf. here <
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_32/"
>CGRN 32</
ref
>, line 34, from Thorikos). Here, by contrast, the underlying notion of the colour choice seems the concern to offer an animal with a light and non-black appearance, which aptly echoes the brightness which is a quality of the Sun god (cp. also <
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_117/"
>CGRN 117</
ref
>, lines 5-6, for a similar sacrifice to Helios at Lindos, on the 14th of Hyakinthios).</
p
>
<
p
>Lines 6-9: Panamos also takes place in the summertime (immediately before Dalios in the standard Rhodian calendar). Instead of a specific date, a deadline of the 20th or of the first two decades of the month is prescribed; cf. <
bibl
type
=
"abbr"
n
=
"LSJ"
>LSJ</
bibl
> s.v. εἴσω (II; though this usage occurs usually in later sources). Neither the sacrifice of three goats (probably he-goats to a male god) performed by the ἰεροποιοί (and perhaps others, line 9) nor the reason for this dating are otherwise known.</
p
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