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<
title
><
idno
type
=
"filename"
>CGRN 37</
idno
>: Fragment of a <
rs
type
=
"textType"
key
=
"priestly contract"
>contract</
rs
> of sale for a priesthood on Chios</
title
>
<
author
>Jan-Mathieu Carbon</
author
>
<
author
>Saskia Peels</
author
>
<
author
>Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge</
author
></
titleStmt
>
<
publicationStmt
>
<
authority
>Collection of Greek Ritual Norms, F.R.S.-FNRS Project no. 2.4561.12, University of Liège.</
authority
>
<
availability
>
<
p
>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International License <
ref
target
=
"http://creativecommons.org/"
type
=
"external"
>4.0</
ref
>.</
p
><
p
>All citation, reuse or distribution of this work must contain somewhere a link back to the DOI (<
idno
type
=
"DOI"
>https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN37</
idno
>), as well as the year of consultation (see “Home” for details on how to cite or click “Export Citation” to create a reference for this specific file).</
p
></
availability
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<
p
>Grey limestone <
rs
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key
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"block"
>block</
rs
>, "perhaps an architectural member" (Parker). Broken at the bottom and roughly recut at the left. The right, back, and top sides may be original.</
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<
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<
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<
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<
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<
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<
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<
p
><
origDate
notBefore
=
"-0425"
notAfter
=
"-0375"
>ca. 425-375 BC</
origDate
></
p
>
<
p
><
desc
>Justification: lettering (especially V-shaped <
foreign
>upsilon</
foreign
>) and context of similar finds (Parker).</
desc
></
p
>
</
origin
>
<
provenance
><
p
><
placeName
type
=
"ancientFindspot"
key
=
"Chios"
n
=
"Aegean_Islands"
><
ref
target
=
"http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550497"
type
=
"external"
>Chios</
ref
></
placeName
>, exact findspot unknown. Now in the Chios Museum (inv. no. MX 1023).</
p
>
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<
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<
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<
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<
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<
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<
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<
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<
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<
div
type
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>
<
head
>Bibliography</
head
>
<
p
>Edition here based on <
lb
/><
bibl
type
=
"author_date"
n
=
"Parker 2006"
>Parker 2006</
bibl
>: 67-79, with ph. figs. 1-2, with a squeeze and transcripts by Forrest and Matthaiou.</
p
>
<
p
>Cf. also: <
bibl
type
=
"abbr"
n
=
"SEG"
>SEG</
bibl
> 56, 996.</
p
>
<
p
>Further bibliography: <
bibl
type
=
"author_date"
n
=
"Paul 2013b"
>Paul 2013b</
bibl
>.</
p
>
</
div
>
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<
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head
>
<
ab
>
<
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n
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"1"
/><
gap
extent
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"unknown"
unit
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"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/><
orig
>ΑΤΟ</
orig
><
gap
quantity
=
"1"
unit
=
"character"
reason
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"lost"
/><
orig
>Ε</
orig
><
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"character"
reason
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"lost"
/>
<
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xml:id
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n
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gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
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"lost"
/> <
w
lemma
=
"πέρνημι"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>πρ</
supplied
>αθήσε<
unclear
>τ</
unclear
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>αι</
supplied
></
w
> <
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_3"
n
=
"3"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἡ</
supplied
> <
w
lemma
=
"πρίαμαι"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>πριαμέ</
supplied
>νη</
w
> <
unclear
>τὴ</
unclear
>ν <
name
type
=
"personnel"
><
w
lemma
=
"ἱερατεία"
>ἱ<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ρητ</
supplied
><
unclear
>ή</
unclear
>ιη<
unclear
>ν</
unclear
></
w
></
name
> <
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_4"
n
=
"4"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>εσται <
w
lemma
=
"αὐτός"
>αὐ<
unclear
>τ</
unclear
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ῆι</
supplied
></
w
> καὶ <
name
type
=
"personnel"
><
w
lemma
=
"θεράπαινα"
>θερα<
unclear
>π</
unclear
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>αίνηι</
supplied
></
w
></
name
> <
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_5"
n
=
"5"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
name
type
=
"personnel"
><
w
lemma
=
"ἱερόω"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἱ</
supplied
>ρήσε<
unclear
>τ</
unclear
>αι</
w
></
name
> <
w
lemma
=
"ζωή"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ζ</
supplied
>ωὴν</
w
> τ<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ὴ</
supplied
>ν <
w
lemma
=
"αὐτός"
>α<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ὑτῆς</
supplied
></
w
> <
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_6"
n
=
"6"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἡ</
supplied
> <
name
type
=
"personnel"
><
w
lemma
=
"κατιερόω"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>κατι</
supplied
>ρομένη</
w
></
name
> <
w
lemma
=
"δίδωμι"
>διδότω</
w
> <
orig
>ΗΡ</
orig
><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_7"
n
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"7"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
w
lemma
=
"οὗτος"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τ</
supplied
>οῦτο</
w
> <
w
lemma
=
"δέχομαι"
>δεχομέν<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>η</
supplied
></
w
> <
unclear
>ἀ</
unclear
>πο<
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_8"
n
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"8"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τῆι</
supplied
> <
name
type
=
"personnel"
><
w
lemma
=
"κατιερόω"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>κα</
supplied
>τιρομένηι</
w
></
name
> <
w
lemma
=
"πᾶς"
>πάν<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τα</
supplied
></
w
> τὰ <
name
type
=
"authority"
><
w
lemma
=
"νομίζω"
>νο<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>μιζόμε</
supplied
>
<
lb
xml:id
=
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n
=
"9"
break
=
"no"
/><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>να</
supplied
></
w
></
name
> <
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>ιον <
w
lemma
=
"παρέχω"
>παρεχέσθ<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ω</
supplied
></
w
> <
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἡ</
supplied
> <
name
type
=
"personnel"
><
w
lemma
=
"κατιερόω"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>κ</
supplied
>ατιρομ<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ένη</
supplied
></
w
></
name
>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_10"
n
=
"10"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ὁ</
supplied
> <
name
type
=
"person"
><
w
lemma
=
"ἰδιώτης"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἰδιώ</
supplied
>της</
w
></
name
> τῆι <
name
type
=
"personnel"
><
w
lemma
=
"ἱέρεια"
>ἱρῆι</
w
></
name
> <
name
type
=
"portion"
><
w
lemma
=
"δίδωμι"
>διδ<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ότ</
supplied
>ω</
w
></
name
> <
name
type
=
"portion"
><
w
lemma
=
"σκέλος"
>σκέλ<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ος</
supplied
></
w
></
name
> <
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_11"
n
=
"11"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
name
type
=
"portion"
><
w
lemma
=
"πρότμησις"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>πρό</
supplied
>τμησιγ</
w
></
name
>, <
name
type
=
"portion"
><
w
lemma
=
"γνάθος"
><
supplied
reason
=
"omitted"
>γ</
supplied
>νάθον</
w
></
name
> <
name
type
=
"quality"
><
w
lemma
=
"εὐώνυμος"
>εὐ<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ώ</
supplied
>νυμο<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ν</
supplied
></
w
></
name
> <
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_12"
n
=
"12"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/><
orig
>ο</
orig
> <
w
lemma
=
"ἕκαστος"
>ἑκάστο</
w
> <
w
lemma
=
"ἀγείρω"
>ἀγειρόσ<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>η</
supplied
>ι</
w
> <
orig
>ΑΠΑ</
orig
><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_13"
n
=
"13"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
name
type
=
"portion"
><
w
lemma
=
"τεταρτημόριον"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τετ</
supplied
>αρτημόριον</
w
></
name
> <
name
type
=
"vegetal"
><
w
lemma
=
"πυρός"
>πυρῶν</
w
></
name
> καὶ <
orig
>Ι</
orig
><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_14"
n
=
"14"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
name
type
=
"portion"
><
w
lemma
=
"τεταρτημόριον"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τετ</
supplied
>αρτημόριον</
w
></
name
>· ἂν δέ <
w
lemma
=
"τις"
>τις</
w
> <
w
lemma
=
"ἀφαιρέω"
>ἀ<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>φέληι</
supplied
></
w
>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_15"
n
=
"15"
/><
w
lemma
=
""
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τι</
supplied
></
w
> <
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τῶν</
supplied
> <
name
type
=
"portion"
><
w
lemma
=
"γέρας"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>γερέων</
supplied
></
w
></
name
> <
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
name
type
=
"punishment"
><
w
lemma
=
"ὀφείλω"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ὀφ</
supplied
><
unclear
>ε</
unclear
>ιλέτω</
w
></
name
> <
pc
>:</
pc
> <
num
value
=
"10"
>Δ</
num
> <
pc
>:</
pc
> τῆι <
w
lemma
=
"πρίαμαι"
>πριαμέν<
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ηι</
supplied
></
w
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>·</
supplied
> <
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἂν</
supplied
>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_16"
n
=
"16"
/><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>δὲ</
supplied
> <
w
lemma
=
"ἄλλος"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἄλλο</
supplied
></
w
> <
w
lemma
=
"τις"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τι</
supplied
></
w
> <
w
lemma
=
"λαμβάνω"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>λάβηι</
supplied
></
w
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>,</
supplied
> <
name
type
=
"punishment"
><
w
lemma
=
"ἀποδίδωμι"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἀποδότω</
supplied
></
w
></
name
> <
w
lemma
=
"στατήρ"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>στατῆρ</
supplied
>ας</
w
> <
pc
>:</
pc
> <
num
value
=
"10"
>Δ</
num
> <
space
quantity
=
"1"
unit
=
"line"
/>
<
lb
xml:id
=
"line_17"
n
=
"17"
/><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/> <
w
lemma
=
"πρίαμαι"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἐπρίατο</
supplied
></
w
> <
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>τὴν</
supplied
> <
name
type
=
"personnel"
><
w
lemma
=
"ἱερατεία"
><
supplied
reason
=
"lost"
>ἱρητ</
supplied
>είην</
w
></
name
> <
orig
>τ</
orig
><
gap
extent
=
"unknown"
unit
=
"character"
reason
=
"lost"
/>
</
ab
>
</
div
>
<
div
type
=
"translation"
xml:lang
=
"eng"
>
<
head
>Translation</
head
>
<
p
>[...] will be sold [...] the woman who purchases the priesthood [...] for her and her assistant [... (5) ...] she will serve as priestess for the duration of her life [...] the consecrated woman is to give [...] having received this from [...] to the consecrated woman all the customary necessities [...] the consecrated woman is to provide [...] (10) a private individual is to give (the following) to the priestess: a leg [...], an abdominal portion (or loin), the left jaw (or cheek) [...] (from?) each she will make a collection [...] a quarter portion of barley groats and [...] a quarter portion. But if anyone removes (15) [any of the perquisites...], let him owe 10 drachmae to the woman who has purchased the priesthood. [If (anyone) takes anything else, let him owe] 10 staters. [... (Name) ...] bought the priesthood [(for the price of) ...].</
p
>
</
div
>
<
div
type
=
"translation"
xml:lang
=
"fre"
>
<
head
>Traduction</
head
>
<
p
>[...] sera vendue [...] celle qui achète la prêtrise [...] à elle et à son assistante [... (5) ...] elle sera prêtresse à vie [...] que la femme consacrée donne [...] ayant reçu ceci de [...] à la femme consacrée tout ce qui est traditionnel [...] que la femme consacrée fournisse (10) [...] qu'un particulier fournisse (les choses suivantes) à la prêtresse : une patte [...], un portion abdominale (ou des reins), la mâchoire (ou joue) gauche [...] (de ?) chaque elle fera une collecte [...] un quart des grains d'orge et [...] un quart. Mais si quelqu'un enlève (15) [n'importe quelle des parts d'honneur...], qu'il doive 10 drachmes à la femme qui a acheté la prêtrise. [Si on enlève quelque chose d'autre, qu'on paye] 10 statères. [... (Nom) ...] a acheté la prêtrise [(pour le prix de) ...].</
p
>
</
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>
<
div
type
=
"commentary"
>
<
head
>Commentary</
head
>
<
p
> Along with several other regulations specifically concerned with priesthoods, this text is among the earliest group of contracts for the sale of priesthoods. Most of these come from the island of Chios, which has led Parker (p. 69 with n.10) to comment: "The explanation for the extraordinary abundance of priesthood texts must surely lie in the early emergence on Chios of the practice of sale of priesthoods". That is possible, but remains to be confirmed. It is certainly the case that the Chian documents show a remarkable level of coherence. They typically specify the conditions of sale and the tenure of the office (here lines 1-4; usually a sale of the office for the duration of a lifetime); this is followed by detailed consideration of priestly perquisites and privileges (here probably lines 10-14, perhaps earlier lines too); the conclusion of the contract then specifies various fines or penalties if anyone contravenes it (lines 14-16). Though fragmentary, the text we have here may essentially run the full course of this type of short contract. As Parker comments (p. 69): "Line 2 apparently contains a declaration of intention to sell"—he means the verb [πρ]αθήσετ̣[αι]—"and line 17 probably gives the name of the eventual purchaser. Apparently therefore little if anything has been lost at top or bottom of the decree."</
p
>
<
p
> Line 4: As Parker notes, provisions for an attendant (θεράπων) are seldom found elsewhere in sacred laws. See, however, a number of cases where a priestess might be assisted by a female helper or "under-priestess", cf. e.g. <
bibl
type
=
"abbr"
n
=
"IG XII.4"
>IG XII.4</
bibl
> 304, lines 18ff., and cp. the mention of an ἀκολουθῶν, or "attendant" to the priest in the sacrificial calendar of Thorikos, <
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_32/"
>CGRN 32</
ref
>, lines 15-16.</
p
>
<
p
> Lines 6-9: Parker notes the difficulties in interpreting the identity of the woman referred to as ἡ κατιρομένη in these lines. Without any certainty, he suggests that this might be another way of referring to the priestess, who had been initiated or confirmed in the cult in question (cp. the τελετή of priests on Kos, with the commentary of Paul). Chaniotis in SEG wonders whether this woman might be "one who devotes [dedicates] herself to the cult of the goddess", perhaps another woman or official. In our view, this participle might be more plausibly related or linked to the attendant mentioned earlier in the inscription, the θεράπαινα (see above line 4; viz. a θεράπαινα ἡ κατιρομένη). Individuals, often of servile status, could be 'consecrated' and thus become cult attendants and personnel: cf. <
bibl
type
=
"abbr"
n
=
"LSJ"
>LSJ</
bibl
> s.v. θεράπων (notably citing Eust. <
title
>ad D.P.</
title
> 533 for this sense on Chios).</
p
>
<
p
> Line 11: For the portion from the loins or the abdomen, cf. <
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_120/"
>CGRN 120</
ref
>, lines 5-8, and Parker here ad loc. for further discussion. Parker discusses the singular portion which might be a jaw but also a “cheek” (<
bibl
type
=
"abbr"
n
=
"LSJ"
>LSJ</
bibl
> s.v. γνάθος 2). Perhaps the priestess only received the left cheek or perhaps the word is a synecdoche, implying that the priestess received the whole left side of the head (cp. instances of ἡμίκραιρα, a half-head, e.g. <
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_57/"
>CGRN_57</
ref
>, Aixone, lines 4, 8, 11, etc.). On seldom attested left portions, see esp. Amipsias fr. 7 (Kassel-Austin, ap. Athen. 368e; a left 'half-head', ἡμίκραιρ᾽ ἀριστερά, no doubt a priestly portion quite similar to the one envisaged here), and also <
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_147/"
>CGRN 147</
ref
> (Kos), line 61 (left leg).</
p
>
<
p
>Line 12: Various readings and interpretations of the beginning of this line are noted in Parker. What does seem clear is that the priestess must perform a collection or a form of ritual begging to raise funds for sacrifices. On collecting, seemingly exclusively attested in female cults, cf. e.g. <
bibl
type
=
"abbr"
n
=
"LSCG"
>LSCG</
bibl
> 175.2 (Demeter) and <
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_118/"
>CGRN 118</
ref
> (Halikarnassos), line 26 (Artemis Pergaia).</
p
>
<
p
> Lines 13-14: Parker ad loc. discusses the possible interpretations of these "quarter portions", whether they consisted grains, and of what size they might have been. The question remains difficult to resolve given the fragmentary context.</
p
>
<
p
> Lines 14-16: It seems clear that two transgressions and punishments are detailed here. Parker surmises: "Penalties can be imposed both on persons who fail to give priests their perquisites and on priests who demand more than their due". We maintain his suggestions, but we note that lines 15-16 are not necessarily confidently restored, nor is the significance of the second fine clearly understood.</
p
>
<
p
> Line 17: This final line will have contained a record of the name of purchaser and the price obtained for the sale of the priesthood, cp. <
ref
target
=
"http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_176/"
>CGRN 176</
ref
> (Priene), lines 35-38.</
p
>
</
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>
</
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>
</
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>
</
TEI
>