CGRN 134

Small sacrificial regulation for Heracles at Athens

Date :

end of 3rd century BC

Justification: lettering (Curbera).

Provenance

Athens . Found on the southern slope of the Acropolis. Ziehen supposes that it may have belonged to the Asklepieion.

Support

Rectangular altar of Pentelic marble.

  • Height: 53 cm
  • Width: 65 cm
  • Depth: 40 cm

Layout

Letters:

Line 1: 2.2 cm high

Line 2: 1.5 cm high.

Bibliography

Edition here based on Kirchner IG II² 4986.

Other editions: IG II 1665; Curbera IG II³ 4, 1747.

Cf. also: Ziehen LGS II 21; Sokolowski LSCG 24.

Further bibliography: Kearns 2011.

Text


Ἡρακλέως·
vacat
θύειν τρία μονόμφαλα.

Translation

(Altar) of Heracles. Sacrifice three cakes with one knob.

Traduction

(Autel) d’Héraclès. Sacrifier trois gâteaux à une seule bosse.

Commentary

This 3rd- or 2nd-century altar is part of a group of mostly short inscriptions (cf. e.g. CGRN 53 and CGRN 54) found in Piraeus and in or near the city Asklepieion of Athens, prescribing the (preliminary) offering of cakes to various divinities.

Line 1: This inscription starts with the name of the god in the genitive (like e.g. CGRN 72), indicating that the altar is dedicated to the divinity in question or that this is the place of the cult of the god in question.

Line 3: μονόμφαλα sc. πόπανα refer to cakes with a single knob or boss. They are attested in CGRN 77 (recipients unclear), CGRN 135 (recipient unknown), in Athens, and at Samos (CGRN 87), in which one should prepare for Kourtrophos and Hermes, μονόμφαλα, and other cakes. Perhaps the use of θύειν (by contrast to some of the mentioned parallel regulations, where no verb is used) implies that the cakes should be burnt in this case.

Publication

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International License 4.0 .

All citation, reuse or distribution of this work must contain somewhere a link back to the DOI (https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN134), as well as the year of consultation (see “Home” for details on how to cite or click “Export Citation” to create a reference for this specific file).

Authors

  • Jan-Mathieu Carbon
  • Saskia Peels
  • Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge

How To Cite

Brief citation of the Greek text : CGRN 134, lines x-x.

Reference to the file as a critical study of the inscription : Jan-Mathieu Carbon, Saskia Peels et Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, "CGRN 134: Small sacrificial regulation for Heracles at Athens", in Collection of Greek Ritual Norms (CGRN), 2017-, consulted on January 21, 2025. URL: http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/file/134/; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN134.

Full citation of the CGRN in a list of abbreviations or a bibliography is the following : Jan-Mathieu Carbon, Saskia Peels-Matthey, Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, Collection of Greek Ritual Norms (CGRN), 2017-, consulted on January 21, 2025. URL: http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN0. 

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                <p> Edition here based on Kirchner <bibl type="abbr" n="IG II²">IG II²</bibl> 4986.</p>
                
                <p> Other editions:
                    <bibl type="abbr" n="IG II">IG II</bibl> 1665; 
                    Curbera <bibl type="abbr" n="IG II³">IG II³</bibl> 4, 1747.</p>
                
                <p> Cf. also:
                    Ziehen <bibl type="abbr" n="LGS II">LGS II</bibl> 21; 
                    Sokolowski <bibl type="abbr" n="LSCG">LSCG</bibl> 24. </p>
                
                <p> Further bibliography: 
                    <bibl type="author_date" n="Kearns 2011">Kearns 2011</bibl>.
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<lb xml:id="line_1" n="1"/> <name type="deity" key="Heracles"><w lemma="Ἡρακλέης">Ἡρακλέως</w></name>·
                    
<lb xml:id="line_2" n="2"/> <space quantity="1" unit="line"/>
                    
<lb xml:id="line_3" n="3"/> <name type="sacrifice"><w lemma="θύω">θύειν</w></name> <w lemma="τρεῖς">τρία</w> <name type="bakery"><w lemma="μονόμφαλος">μονόμφαλα</w></name>.
                    
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                <p>
                    (Altar) of Heracles. 
                    Sacrifice three cakes with one knob. 
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                <head>Traduction </head>
                <p>
                    (Autel) d’Héraclès.
                    Sacrifier trois gâteaux à une seule bosse.
                    
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                <head>Commentary</head>    
                
<p> This 3rd- or 2nd-century altar is part of a group of mostly short inscriptions (cf. e.g. <ref target="CGRN_53">CGRN 53</ref> and <ref target="CGRN_54">CGRN 54</ref>) found in Piraeus and in or near the city Asklepieion of Athens, prescribing the (preliminary) offering of cakes to various divinities.</p>
                
<p> Line 1: This inscription starts with the name of the god in the genitive (like e.g. <ref target="CGRN_72">CGRN 72</ref>), indicating that the altar is dedicated to the divinity in question or that this is the place of the cult of the god in question.</p>
                
<p>Line 3: μονόμφαλα sc. πόπανα refer to cakes with a single knob or boss. They are attested in <ref target="CGRN_77">CGRN 77</ref> (recipients unclear), <ref target="CGRN_135">CGRN 135</ref> (recipient unknown), in Athens, and at Samos (<ref target="CGRN_87">CGRN 87</ref>), in which one should prepare for Kourtrophos and Hermes, μονόμφαλα, and other cakes. Perhaps the use of θύειν (by contrast to some of the mentioned parallel regulations, where no verb is used) implies that the cakes should be burnt in this case.
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