CGRN 107

Decree concerning the donation of Agasikles and Nikagora to Poseidon at Kalaureia

Date :

3rd century BC

Justification: letterforms (Fraenkel).

Provenance

Kalaureia . Found in the sanctuary of Poseidon (north-east of the main city Poros) at Stoa C. Now in the school on Poros.

Support

Stele of bluish marble, built into a base and cast therein with lead.

  • Height: 38 cm
  • Width: 31.5 cm
  • Depth: 8 cm

Layout

The text seems to consist of two parts, lines 1-10, the first part is badly damaged. The second part (line 11 onwards) records a decision by the people concerning the use of the donated money.

Letters: unknown height.

Bibliography

Edition here based on Fraenkel IG IV 841.

Other edition: Wide - Kjellberg 1895: 287-293 no. 2.

Cf. also: Ziehen LGS II 53; Sokolowski LSCG 59; Brodersen HGIU 348; Guarducci 1974: 249-250; Guarducci 1987: 260; SEG 38, 324.

Text



σ[..?..]-
ν Ἀρισ[τ..?.. τῶι Π]-
οσειδᾶν[ι ..?..]-
α Εὐκλείαι [..?..]-
5αιους ἀφ’ ἕω κα[τὰ ..?..]
καὶ Νικαγόρα Σωτ[..?..]-
ις, Λαοδίκα, Διονυσία, [..?.. κ]-
αὶ εἴ τινάς κα ἀφῆ⟨ι⟩ ἐλευ[θέρας Ἀγασικλῆς]
ἢ Νικαγόρα, μετεῖμεν δαμ[..?.. τοῦ]
10 Θεαρίχου. vacat
ἐπὶ ταμία Σωφάνεος τοῦ Πολι[..4.. μη]-
νὸς Γεραιστίου, ἔδοξε τοῖς πολί[ταις περὶ τ]-
οῦ ἀργυρίου καὶ τοῦ χωρίου οὗ ἀνέθη[καν Ἀ]-
γασικλῆς καὶ Νικαγόρα τῶι Ποσειδᾶνι· ἐ[πιμε]-
15λητὰς καταστᾶσαι δύο οἵτινες τό τε ἀργύ-
ριον ἐκδανεισοῦντι κατὰ δραχμὰς τριάκο-
ντα ἐπ’ ἐνγύοις ἢ ὑποθήκαις ἀρεστοῖς τοῖ[ς]
ἐπιμεληταῖς καὶ τὸ χωρίον ἐκδωσοῦντι δωτ-
ίνας μετὰ τᾶς ἐκκλησίας κατὰ συνγραφάν,
20 καὶ πράξαντες τὸ διάφορον τοῦ ἀργυρίου καὶ τὰ-
ν δωτίναν τὰν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου θυσοῦντι τῶι Π-
οσειδᾶνι ἱερεῖον τέλειον καὶ τῶι Διὶ τῶι Σωτῆ-
ρι ἱερεῖον τέλειον, βωμὸν ἑσσάμενοι πρὸ τᾶν ε-
ἰκόνων αὐτῶν τᾶν ποὶ [τ]ῶι βουλευτηρίωι· τὰν
25 δὲ θυσίαν ποιησοῦντι, καθὼς ἐν τᾶι στάλαι γέγ-
ραπται, κατ’ ἐνιαυτόν, καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ ἐπιμελησοῦν-
ται ὡς ὅτι χαριέστατα καὶ εὐθύνους εἰσοισοῦν-
τι τᾶι πράται ἁμέραι ἐπὶ ταῖς σπονδαῖς καὶ λόγ-
ον ἀποδωσοῦντι τοῖς αἱρεθεῖσιν εὐθύνοις τᾶι
30 ἐπεχὲς ἁμέραι καὶ ποτομοσοῦνται τὸν Δία τὸν Σ-
ωτῆρα, εἶ μὰν μηθὲν νοσφίζεσθαι, ἐπὶ δὲ τὰν σπ-
ονδὰν αἱρείσθωσαν τοὺς ἐπιμελητὰς εἰς τὸν ἐ-
πεχὲς ἐνιαυτὸν τᾶι πράται ἁμέραι.

Translation

[...] Aris[t... to] Poseidon [... to (?)] Eukleia [...] the [...] (5) from him according (?) [...] and Nikagora Sot[...], Laodika, Dionysia [...] and if [Agasikles] or Nikagora have freed any women, they are to participate [... son of] (10) Thearichos.

When Sophanes the son of Poli[...] was treasurer, in the month Gerastios. The citizens have decided with respect to the money and the land that Agasikles and Nikagora dedicated to Poseidon: (15) to appoint two epimeletai who lend out the money at an interest, 30 drachmae at a time, under securities or satisfactory pledges given to the epimeletai, who farm out the land according to a contract with the assembly, (20) and who, having received the interest on the money and the rent of the land, sacrifice to Poseidon an adult animal, and to Zeus Soter an adult animal, having set up an altar in front of their statues near the bouleuterion. (25) They will make the sacrifice, just as it is written on the stele, every year, and take care of all other things as elegantly as possible, and introduce public examiners on the first day at the solemn libations and give an account to the examiners that have been chosen (30) on the following day and swear to Zeus Soter truly not to rob anything, and upon this solemn libation, let them choose the epimeletai for the next year on the first day.

Traduction

[...] Aris[t... à] Poséidon [... à (?)] Eukleia [...] les [...] (5) de lui selon (?) [...] et Nikagora Sot[...], Laodika, Dionysia [...] et si [Agasiklès] ou Nikagora ont affranchi certaines femmes, qu'ils/elles participent [... fils de] (10) Thearichos.

Alors qu’était trésorier Sophanos, fils de Poli[- - -], au mois de Geraistios, les citoyens ont décidé, à propos de l’argent et du terrain qu’Agasiklès et Nikagora ont offert en consécration à Poséidon, (15) qu’on institue deux épimélètes qui prêteront l’argent à intérêt pour 30 drachmes moyennant des garanties ou des hypothèques qui aient l’agrément des épimélètes et qui donneront le terrain en location selon un contrat avec l’assemblée. (20) Après avoir acquitté les intérêts de l’argent et le loyer du terrain, ils offriront en sacrifice à Poséidon un animal adulte et à Zeus Soter un animal adulte, ayant dressé un autel devant leurs statues qui se trouvent près du bouleuterion. (25) Ils célèbreront le sacrifice, conformément à ce qui a été écrit sur la stèle, chaque année, et ils s’occuperont de tout de la manière la plus élégante possible et ils introduiront en particulier des vérificateurs aux comptes le premier jour lors des libations solennelles et ils rendront compte (30) le jour suivant aux vérificateurs qui auront été choisis et ils jureront en outre par Zeus Soter de ne rien détourner, et sur cette libation solennelle, qu’ils choisissent les épimélètes pour l’année suivante le premier jour.

(traduction d'après Y. Lafond)

Commentary

As preserved, the inscription concerns a dedication to Poseidon by Agasikles and his wife Nikagora to Poseidon, consisting of a sum of money (of an unknown amount) and a piece of land (cf. lines 13-14). The donation was apparently entrusted to the polis, since the text records a decree passed by the people of Kalaureia concerning the use of these funds (lines 11-12ff.). Two caretakers or supervisors (epimeletai) are appointed annually by the city to lend out the money and farm out the land (lines 14-19). From the interest and proceeds, the performance of sacrifices to Poseidon and Zeus are to be funded. These annual rites are take place at altar constructed by the epimeletai, in front of the statues of Agasikrates and Nikagora which already appear to have been erected at or near the civic bouleuterion at Kalaureia (lines 19-25). For further sacrificial details, reference is made to what is "written on the stele" (lines 25-26, see below), apparently another document concerning the donation of this couple and the cult they instituted, but which has not been preserved. The final part of the inscription (lines 27ff.) prescribes the procedure for examining the work of the epimeletai and the selection of the epimeletai for the next year.

The inscription appears to be closely connected to another text from Kalaureia (CGRN 106) similarly recording the dedication of a sum of money to Poseidon by a woman called Agasikratis, who has a daughter also named Nikagora. Thus, she may have been the mother of the Nikagora in the present inscription, though this is not absolutely confirmed (the reading of Νικαγόρα Ζωτ- does not perfectly match, but would substantially improve if the final trace should be read as φ, Νικαγόρα Ζωφ-, so 'daughter of Sophanes'; τ appears clearly in Fränkel, but the trace is unclear in Wide - Kjellberg). The content and verbal formulation of CGRN 106 is rather similar: there, too, an altar is to be set up near familial statues, adult (or 'unblemished') animals are to be sacrificed to Poseidon and Zeus Soter from the interest of the endowment, and epimeletai are appointed to manage these rituals. If the identification of Nikagora as daughter of Agasikratis is correct, this family would thus be linked to this sanctuary of Poseidon over multiple generations. Poseidon was the most important god of the island Kalaureia (Str. 8.6.14); there is archaeological evidence for a cult of Poseidon already in Mycenaean times. There seems to be no other evidence for the cult of Zeus Soter on Kalaureia/Poros.

Lines 1-10 and 25-26: We cannot make out much in the first ten lines, but given the dative τῶι Ποσειδᾶν[ι] (and perhaps an Artemis Eukleia?), and the name Νικαγόρα (twice), we may think that we have here a fragment of the act of endowment and foundation for the cult, with the specifications of the sacrifices to be made (Wide - Kjellberg). This is perhaps what is referred to in line 25 (καθὼς ἐν τᾶι στάλαι γέγραπται). Cp. CGRN 152 (Thera), which similarly starts with a testament made by Epikteta and then records the decision made concerning it. The regulations given "on the stele", a document that is now lost, may alternatively have been the document recording the donation and the foundation itself.

Lines 28 and 31-32: The word σπονδή in these lines is not only to be taken as referring literally to libations, but also—in the second case, more clearly—accompanies the swearing of an oath to Zeus Soter, a preliminary gesture before the selection of new annual officials.

Publication

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International License 4.0 .

All citation, reuse or distribution of this work must contain somewhere a link back to the DOI (https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN107), as well as the year of consultation (see “Home” for details on how to cite or click “Export Citation” to create a reference for this specific file).

Authors

  • Jan-Mathieu Carbon
  • Saskia Peels
  • Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge

How To Cite

Brief citation of the Greek text : CGRN 107, lines x-x.

Reference to the file as a critical study of the inscription : Jan-Mathieu Carbon, Saskia Peels et Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, "CGRN 107: Decree concerning the donation of Agasikles and Nikagora to Poseidon at Kalaureia", in Collection of Greek Ritual Norms (CGRN), 2017-, consulted on December 31, 2024. URL: http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/file/107/; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN107.

Full citation of the CGRN in a list of abbreviations or a bibliography is the following : Jan-Mathieu Carbon, Saskia Peels-Matthey, Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, Collection of Greek Ritual Norms (CGRN), 2017-, consulted on December 31, 2024. URL: http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN0. 

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	    				<p> Edition here based on Fraenkel <bibl type="abbr" n="IG IV">IG IV</bibl> 841. </p>
	    				<p> Other edition: <bibl type="author_date" n="Wide - Kjellberg 1895">Wide - Kjellberg 1895</bibl>: 287-293 no. 2.</p>
	    			
	    				<p> Cf. also:
	    					Ziehen <bibl type="abbr" n="LGS II">LGS II</bibl> 53; 
	    					Sokolowski <bibl type="abbr" n="LSCG">LSCG</bibl> 59; 
	    					Brodersen <bibl type="abbr" n="HGIU">HGIU</bibl> 348;
	    					<bibl type="author_date" n="Guarducci 1974">Guarducci 1974</bibl>: 249-250;
	    					<bibl type="author_date" n="Guarducci 1987">Guarducci 1987</bibl>: 260;
	    					<bibl type="abbr" n="SEG">SEG</bibl> 38, 324.</p>
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<lb xml:id="line_28" n="28" break="no"/>τι</w> τᾶι <w lemma="πρότερος">πράται</w> <w lemma="ἡμέρα">ἁμέραι</w> <name type="authority"><w lemma="ἐπί">ἐπὶ</w> ταῖς <name type="liquid"><w lemma="σπονδή">σπονδαῖς</w></name> καὶ <w lemma="λόγος">λόγ
	    								
<lb xml:id="line_29" n="29" break="no"/>ον</w> <w lemma="ἀποδίδωμι">ἀποδωσοῦντι</w> τοῖς <w lemma="αἱρέω">αἱρεθεῖσιν</w> <name type="personnel"><w lemma="εὔθυνος">εὐθύνοις</w></name> τᾶι
	    				
<lb xml:id="line_30" n="30"/> <w lemma="ἐπεχές">ἐπεχὲς</w> <w lemma="ἡμέρα">ἁμέραι</w> καὶ <w lemma="προσόμνυμι">ποτομοσοῦνται</w> τὸν <name type="deity" key="Zeus"><w lemma="Ζεύς">Δία</w></name> τὸν <name type="epithet"><w lemma="σωτήρ">Σ
	    					
<lb xml:id="line_31" n="31" break="no"/>ωτῆρα</w></name>, <w lemma="ἦ">εἶ</w> <w lemma="μήν">μὰν</w> <w lemma="μηθείς">μηθὲν</w> <w lemma="νοσφίζω">νοσφίζεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="ἐπί">ἐπὶ</w> δὲ τὰν <name type="liquid"><w lemma="σπονδή">σπ
	    						
<lb xml:id="line_32" n="32" break="no"/>ονδὰν</w></name> <w lemma="αἱρέω">αἱρείσθωσαν</w> τοὺς <name type="personnel"><w lemma="ἐπιμελητής">ἐπιμελητὰς</w></name></name> <w lemma="εἰς">εἰς</w> τὸν <w lemma="ἐπεχές">ἐ
	    							
<lb xml:id="line_33" n="33" break="no"/>πεχὲς</w> <w lemma="ἐνιαυτός">ἐνιαυτὸν</w> τᾶι <w lemma="πρότερος">πράται</w> <w lemma="ἡμέρα">ἁμέραι</w>.    
	    
	    	</ab>
				</div>
				<div type="translation" xml:lang="eng">
					<head>Translation</head>
					
<p>[...] Aris[t... to] Poseidon [... to (?)] Eukleia [...] the [...] (5) from him according (?) [...] and Nikagora Sot[...], Laodika, Dionysia [...] and if [Agasikles] or Nikagora have freed any women, they are to participate [... son of] (10) Thearichos.</p> 
					
<p>When Sophanes the son of Poli[...] was treasurer, in the month Gerastios. The citizens have decided with respect to the money and the land that Agasikles and Nikagora dedicated to Poseidon: (15) to appoint two <foreign>epimeletai</foreign> who lend out the money at an interest, 30 drachmae at a time, under securities or satisfactory pledges given to the <foreign>epimeletai</foreign>, who farm out the land according to a contract with the assembly, (20) and who, having received the interest on the money and the rent of the land, sacrifice to Poseidon an adult animal, and to Zeus Soter an adult animal, having set up an altar in front of their statues near the bouleuterion. (25) They will make the sacrifice, just as it is written on the stele, every year, and take care of all other things as elegantly as possible, and introduce public examiners on the first day at the solemn libations and give an account to the examiners that have been chosen (30) on the following day and swear to Zeus Soter truly not to rob anything, and upon this solemn libation, let them choose the <foreign>epimeletai</foreign> for the next year on the first day.</p>
		
					</div>
				<div type="translation" xml:lang="fre">
					<head>Traduction</head>
					
<p>[...] Aris[t... à] Poséidon [... à (?)] Eukleia [...] les [...] (5) de lui selon (?) [...] et Nikagora Sot[...], Laodika, Dionysia [...] et si [Agasiklès] ou Nikagora ont affranchi certaines femmes, qu'ils/elles participent [... fils de] (10) Thearichos.</p>
					
<p>Alors qu’était trésorier Sophanos, fils de Poli[- - -], au mois de Geraistios, les citoyens ont décidé, à propos de l’argent et du terrain qu’Agasiklès et Nikagora ont offert en consécration à Poséidon, (15) qu’on institue deux épimélètes qui prêteront l’argent à intérêt pour 30 drachmes moyennant des garanties ou des hypothèques qui aient l’agrément des épimélètes et qui donneront le terrain en location selon un contrat avec l’assemblée. (20) Après avoir acquitté les intérêts de l’argent et le loyer du terrain, ils offriront en sacrifice à Poséidon un animal adulte et à Zeus Soter un animal adulte, ayant dressé un autel devant leurs statues qui se trouvent près du bouleuterion. (25) Ils célèbreront le sacrifice, conformément à ce qui a été écrit sur la stèle, chaque année, et ils s’occuperont de tout de la manière la plus élégante possible et ils introduiront en particulier des vérificateurs aux comptes le premier jour lors des libations solennelles et ils rendront compte (30) le jour suivant aux vérificateurs qui auront été choisis et ils jureront en outre par Zeus Soter de ne rien détourner, et sur cette libation solennelle, qu’ils choisissent les épimélètes pour l’année suivante le premier jour.</p>
					<p>(traduction d'après Y. Lafond)</p>
				</div>
					<div type="commentary">    
						<head>Commentary</head>    

<p>As preserved, the inscription concerns a dedication to Poseidon by Agasikles and his wife Nikagora to Poseidon, consisting of a sum of money (of an unknown amount) and a piece of land (cf. lines 13-14). The donation was apparently entrusted to the <foreign>polis</foreign>, since the text records a decree passed by the people of Kalaureia concerning the use of these funds (lines 11-12ff.). Two caretakers or supervisors (<foreign>epimeletai</foreign>) are appointed annually by the city to lend out the money and farm out the land (lines 14-19). From the interest and proceeds, the performance of sacrifices to Poseidon and Zeus are to be funded. These annual rites are take place at altar constructed by the <foreign>epimeletai</foreign>, in front of the statues of Agasikrates and Nikagora which already appear to have been erected at or near the civic bouleuterion at Kalaureia (lines 19-25). For further sacrificial details, reference is made to what is "written on the stele" (lines 25-26, see below), apparently another document concerning the donation of this couple and the cult they instituted, but which has not been preserved. The final part of the inscription (lines 27ff.) prescribes the procedure for examining the work of the <foreign>epimeletai</foreign> and the selection of the <foreign>epimeletai</foreign> for the next year.</p>
	
<p>The inscription appears to be closely connected to another text from Kalaureia (<ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_106/">CGRN 106</ref>) similarly recording the dedication of a sum of money to Poseidon by a woman called Agasikratis, who has a daughter also named Nikagora. Thus, she may have been the mother of the Nikagora in the present inscription, though this is not absolutely confirmed (the reading of Νικαγόρα Ζωτ- does not perfectly match, but would substantially improve if the final trace should be read as φ, Νικαγόρα Ζωφ-, so 'daughter of Sophanes'; τ appears clearly in Fränkel, but the trace is unclear in Wide - Kjellberg). The content and verbal formulation of <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_106/">CGRN 106</ref> is rather similar: there, too, an altar is to be set up near familial statues, adult (or 'unblemished') animals are to be sacrificed to Poseidon and Zeus Soter from the interest of the endowment, and <foreign>epimeletai</foreign> are appointed to manage these rituals. If the identification of Nikagora as daughter of Agasikratis is correct, this family would thus be linked to this sanctuary of Poseidon over multiple generations. Poseidon was the most important god of the island Kalaureia (Str. 8.6.14); there is archaeological evidence for a cult of Poseidon already in Mycenaean times. There seems to be no other evidence for the cult of Zeus Soter on Kalaureia/Poros.</p>				
	
<p>Lines 1-10 and 25-26: We cannot make out much in the first ten lines, but given the dative τῶι Ποσειδᾶν[ι] (and perhaps an Artemis Eukleia?), and the name Νικαγόρα (twice), we may think that we have here a fragment of the act of endowment and foundation for the cult, with the specifications of the sacrifices to be made (Wide - Kjellberg). This is perhaps what is referred to in line 25 (καθὼς ἐν τᾶι στάλαι γέγραπται). Cp. <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_152/">CGRN 152</ref> (Thera), which similarly starts with a testament made by Epikteta and then records the decision made concerning it. The regulations given "on the stele", a document that is now lost, may alternatively have been the document recording the donation and the foundation itself. </p>
						
<p>Lines 28 and 31-32: The word σπονδή in these lines is not only to be taken as referring literally to libations, but also—in the second case, more clearly—accompanies the swearing of an oath to Zeus Soter, a preliminary gesture before the selection of new annual officials.</p>

					</div>
			</body>
    	</text>
	</TEI>